黄河流域是我国关键的生态功能区，流域内水资源的变化对区域内生态环境质量的影响至关重要。及时、准确地获取黄河流域水源涵养量和生态环境质量的时空格局与演变趋势，对黄河流域生态环境保护和建设具有重要意义。本研究以黄河流域2000—2022年MOSID地表温度、地表反射、植被指数、降水、蒸散发数据产品与土地利用、土壤深度等数据为基础，采用Google Earth Engine(GEE)遥感云平台、遥感生态指数(RSEI)和InVEST模型方法，研究了2000—2022年水源涵养量对黄河流域生态环境质量的影响，以期为协调我国黄河流域人类活动与生态环境保护提供参考依据。结果表明：2000—2022年黄河流域生态环境质量以中等、较低为主，占区域总面积约70%。研究时段提升区面积增幅最大，达129.21%，集中在黄河流域龙门至三门峡、内流区等区域。2000—2022年黄河流域水源涵养量，整体呈波动上升趋势，峰值在2021年为402.3611×10~8m³，空间上表现为西北低，西南、东南高，高值区集中在西南部龙羊峡以上和龙羊峡至兰州等区域，这主要与区域内河湖、湿地和森林面积有关。黄河流域水源涵养量对生态环境质量影响显著，主要表现为水源涵养量与降水的交互作用对生态环境质量的影响最大，达0.9409。综上所述，黄河流域水源涵养量的增加能够有效促进生态环境质量提升，但应优先选择水源涵养低值区进行改善，严格限制人类用水，土地荒漠化等现象。

The Yellow River basin is a key ecological function area in China. The change of water resources in the basin is very important to the ecological environment quality in the region. Timely and accurate access to the spatio-temporal pattern and evolution trend of water conservation and ecological environment quality in the Yellow River basin is of great significance to the ecological environment protection and construction of the Yellow River basin. Based on the data of MOSID surface temperature, surface reflection, vegetation index, precipitation, evapotranspiration data products, land-use and soil depth in the Yellow River basin from 2000 to 2022, we used Google Earth Engine(GEE) remote sensing cloud platform, remote sensing ecological index(RSEI) and InVEST model method to study the impact of water conservation on the ecological environment quality of the Yellow River basin from 2000 to 2022, in order to provide reference for coordinating human activities and ecological environment protection in the Yellow River basin. The results showed that the ecological environment quality of the Yellow River basin was mainly medium and low from 2000 to 2022, accounting for about 70 % of the total area. During the study period, the area of lifting area increased the most,reaching 129.21%, concentrated in the Longmen-Sanmenxia and inner flow areas of the Yellow River basin. From 2000 to 2022, the water conservation capacity of the Yellow River basin showed a fluctuating upward trend as a whole, with a peak in 2021, which was 402.3611×10⁸ m³. Spatially, it was low in the northwest and high in the southwest and southeast. The high-value areas were concentrated in the areas above Longyangxia in the southwest and from Longyangxia to Lanzhou, which was mainly related to the area of rivers, lakes, wetlands and forests in the region. The amount of water conservation in the Yellow River basin has a significant impact on the ecological environment quality. The interaction between water conservation and precipitation has the greatest impact on the ecological environment quality, reaching 0.9409. In summary, the increase of water conservation in the Yellow River basin can effectively promote the improvement of ecological environment quality, but it should be preferred to select low-value areas of water conservation for improvement, strictly limit human water use, land desertification and other phenomena.