研究深圳市人口的时变特征及其影响机制对于增进超大城市人地关系理解和实现人口可持续发展等具有重要意义。基于WorldPop人口数据和深圳市POI数据，分析了2000—2020年深圳市人口时空演变特征，并利用地理探测器量化了相关POI因子对人口分布的影响机制。结果表明：(1)人口总量持续增长，呈“西部、西南部密，东部稀”的分布格局，以高值区为核心向外围圈层式递减；(2)人口重心位于龙华区、福田区、罗湖区和龙岗区4区交界处附近，20年间位置基本不变；(3)人口分布呈分散且均衡的态势，集中指数和不均衡指数在20年内保持稳定；(4)医疗设施对人口的吸引力较突出，学校等教育设施次之，河网密度的吸引力最差，多个影响因子的交互作用对人口分布的解释力高于单因子。

Studying the time-varying characteristics of Shenzhen's population and its influence mechanism is of great significance for improving the understanding of human-land relationship in megacities and realizing sustainable population development. Based on the WorldPop population data and Shenzhen's POI data, we analyzed the spatio-temporal evolutionary characteristics of Shenzhen's population from 2000 to 2020, and used GeoDetector to quantify the influence mechanism of relevant POI factors on population distribution. The main conclusions show that(1)the total population of Shenzhen continues to grow, showing a spatial pattern of “dense in the west and southwest, sparse in the east”, with the high-value area as the core to the outer circle.(2)The population center is located near the junction of Longhua District, Futian District, Luohu District and Longgang District, and the population center of 2020 basically coincide with that of 2000.(3)The population distribution shows a dispersed and balanced trend, and the concentration index and the imbalance index remain stable in 20 years.(4)The public service facilities such as hospitals are more attractive to the population, followed by educational facilities, and the density of river network is the least attractive. The interaction of multiple factors has a higher explanatory power on population distribution than that of single factor.