人口是一切经济社会活动的基础，人才更是第一资源。在新时代背景下，分析当前人口的变动特征和内涵，对于优化国土空间布局、促进人口与国土空间协调发展、推进湖北省社会经济可持续发展具有重要意义。基于人口统计数据分析，对湖北省人口结构转型与区域协调发展问题开展了研究。据此，提出人口与国土空间布局协调发展策略，通过优化空间布局、加强区域协同联动、推进新型城镇化等措施，为湖北省国土空间开发保护优化提供有益支撑。

Population is the foundation of all economic and social activities, and talent is the primary resource. In the context of new era, it is of great significance to analyze the characteristics and connotations of current population changes to optimize the territorial spatial layout, promote the coordinated development of population and territorial space and the sustainable social and economic development of Hubei Province. Based on the analysis of demographic data, we studied the problems of population structure transformation and regional coordinated development in Hubei Province. Accordingly, we proposed a coordinated development strategy of population and territorial spatial layout, which could provide useful support for the development and protection of territorial space in Hubei Province by optimizing the spatial layout, strengthening regional coordination and linkage, and promoting new urbanization.